Response to Hello
Eight American undergraduate women were part of a study to determine if whether or not a response is received depends on the size of group addressed (Jones and Foshay 1984). Each student was instructed to say “Hello” to strangers or groups of strangers that they encountered around campus, on the streets in town, in stores, etc. They were told to not make direct eye contact with anyone in the group but to look in the general direction of the group focusing on the shoulders or hair of individuals or the general middle of a group. The students recorded a variety of information for each encounter including how many individuals were in the group and whether at least one person responded to the greeting. The study included 119 people greeted individually; 94 groups of two or three; and 27 groups of four, five or six. They found that 92 of the individuals; 65 of the groups of two or three; and 13 of the groups of four, five, or six responded to the greeting. Determine, at the 5% level, if there is a significant difference in the distribution of responses (i.e., responded to the greeting or not) among the three different sizes of groups (i.e., individuals; two or three; or four, five, or six).
Turtle Excluder Devices
Shrimp trawlers are required to have turtle exclusion devices (TED), that allow most Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta) to escape the net, thus reducing turtle mortality due to by-catch. In the Gulf of Mexico, TEDs were originally required to be 32”x10”, but a new law now requires TEDs to be 71”x26” with the thought that turtle mortality would be further reduced by the larger opening. This thought was examined by recording the number of trawl tows that had no or at least one turtle mortality. In 75 tows with the original smaller opening there were 16 tows with at least one turtle mortality. In contrast, in 88 tows with the the newer larger opening there were 8 tows with at least one turtle mortality. Test, at the 10% level, if there is a significant difference between trawls with the different sized openings in the proportion of trawl tows with at least one turtle mortality. [Alternatively test is the distribution of tows into no and at least one turtle mortality differs between trawls with the different sized openings.]