Several methods for modifying base graphics were shown in Introductory Fisheries Analyses with R, including simple layouts (side-by-side, one-over-the-other) of multiple plots. Creating common x- and y-axis labels for a grid of plots is described in this supplement. More complex layouts (e.g., plot in first row spans two columns or unequal sized plots) are described in this supplement.

### Required Packages for this Supplement

Functions used in this supplement require the packages shown below.

> library(FSAdata)
> library(FSA)
> library(dplyr)

### Data Used in this Supplement

The BullTroutRML2 data from FSAdata used in the IFAR book are also used in this supplement.

> data(BullTroutRML2)
> BT <- BullTroutRML2
> headtail(BT)
   age  fl     lake     era
1   14 459 Harrison 1977-80
2   12 449 Harrison 1977-80
3   10 471 Harrison 1977-80
94   4 298   Osprey 1997-01
95   3 279   Osprey 1997-01
96   3 273   Osprey 1997-01

## Common Axis Labels on a Grid of Subplots

A common need is to plot multiple graphics in a grid-like format with one axis label that serves as the label for each graph. This can be accomplished with arguments to par(), but the regions of a plot must be undersood first (the following description is modified from here).

Each plot consists of three regions – the plot area, the figure area, and the outer margin area (Figure 1). The plot area is where the points or bars will be graphed. The area between the plot area and the figure area is where the axis ticks, labels, and title will appear. The area outside of the figure area is the outer margin area and is generally used to provide extra space around the graphic or to place text. In most instances (and the default), the width of the outer margin area is 0 on all sides of the figure area such that no outer margin area exists. The size of the outer margin area is set with oma= in par(), which takes a vector of four values to serve as widths of the four sides of the outer margin area, beginning with the bottom and moving counter-clockwise. The default is par(oma=c(0,0,0,0)). For example, margins that are two “lines” wide on the top and bottom and one “line” wide on the left and right may be set with par(oma=c(2,1,2,1)).

Figure 1: Schematic plot that illustrates the plotting area (inside the blue box), the figure area (inside the red box), and the outer margin area (between the dark gray and red boxes).

Common axis labels for multiple graphs can be placed in the outer margin area. In the example below, a 2-by-2 grid is created with mfrow() (as described in the IFAR book) and the bottom and left outer margin areas are increased to be three “lines” wide to allow for common x- and y-axis labels.

> par(mfrow=c(2,2),oma=c(2,2,0,0))

The four subplot areas are then populated with scatterplots (note that the x- and y-axis labels are set to empty strings to suppress labeling the axes)

> xlmts <- c(-0.5,14.5)
> ylmts <- c(0,700)
> BTH1 <- BT %>% filterD(lake=="Harrison",era=="1977-80")
> plot(fl~age,data=BTH1,main="Harrison, 1977-80",
xlab="",ylab="",pch=19,xlim=xlmts,ylim=ylmts)
> BTO1 <- BT %>% filterD(lake=="Osprey",era=="1977-80")
> plot(fl~age,data=BTO1,main="Osprey, 1977-80",
xlab="",ylab="",pch=19,xlim=xlmts,ylim=ylmts)
> BTH2 <- BT %>% filterD(lake=="Harrison",era=="1997-01")
> plot(fl~age,data=BTH2,main="Harrison, 1997-01",
xlab="",ylab="",pch=19,xlim=xlmts,ylim=ylmts)
> BTO2 <- BT %>% filterD(lake=="Osprey",era=="1997-01")
> plot(fl~age,data=BTO2,main="Osprey, 1997-01",
xlab="",ylab="",pch=19,xlim=xlmts,ylim=ylmts)

The common x- and y-axis labels are then placed in the outer margin areas with mtext(). In this capacity, mtext() requires the text to be written as the first argument, a number in side= that indicates the margin on which to print the text (note that the side= argument in mtext() uses the same numbering scheme as other functions – 1=bottom, 2=left, 3=top, 4=right), a number in line= that indicates the line on which to print the text (defaults to 0), and outer=TRUE to force the text into the outer margin area. Further note that las=0 is used for the y-axis label to force the text to be parallel to the y-axis. This is only needed because las=1 was set globally for producing this supplement.

The code below adds common x- and y-axis labels to the plots constructed above. The final plot is shown in Figure 2.

> mtext("Age (years)",side=1,line=0,outer=TRUE,cex=1.3)
> mtext("Fork Length (mm)",side=2,line=0,outer=TRUE,cex=1.3,las=0)

Figure 2: Grid of plots that uses the outer margin area to provide common axis labels.

## Reproducibility Information

• Compiled Date: Thu Nov 05 2015
• Compiled Time: 6:47:52 PM
• R Version: R version 3.2.2 (2015-08-14)
• System: Windows, i386-w64-mingw32/i386 (32-bit)
• Base Packages: base, datasets, graphics, grDevices, methods, stats, utils
• Required Packages: FSAdata, FSA, dplyr, captioner, knitr and their dependencies (assertthat, car, DBI, digest, evaluate, formatR, gdata, gplots, graphics, grDevices, highr, Hmisc, lazyeval, magrittr, markdown, methods, plotrix, plyr, R6, Rcpp, sciplot, stats, stringr, tools, utils, yaml)
• Other Packages: captioner_2.2.3, dplyr_0.4.3, extrafont_0.17, FSA_0.8.4, FSAdata_0.3.2, knitr_1.11, magrittr_1.5, rmarkdown_0.8.1, stringr_1.0.0, tidyr_0.3.1
• Loaded-Only Packages: assertthat_0.1, DBI_0.3.1, digest_0.6.8, evaluate_0.8, extrafontdb_1.0, formatR_1.2.1, gdata_2.17.0, gtools_3.5.0, highr_0.5.1, htmltools_0.2.6, lazyeval_0.1.10, parallel_3.2.2, plyr_1.8.3, R6_2.1.1, Rcpp_0.12.1, Rttf2pt1_1.3.3, stringi_1.0-1, tools_3.2.2, yaml_2.1.13